Objective: To analysis the frequency of pathological changes in spina bifida at the eastern Adriatic Coast from the 2nd till the 21st century. Comparison of frequency with other populations over the world from the same time period. Methods: Three samples were included in the research the archaeological site of Solin Smiljanovac (108 graves) dating from the 1st till the 6th century. The second sample is from the medieval period with several archaeological sites dateing from the 7th till the 17th century. For the sample of the modern population, from the 21st century, data were used from the Split- Dalmatia County Health Center in Croatia. Results: Gender distribution, preservation of the sacrum and the presence of pathological changes were assessed by anthropological analysis. On the basis of the preservation of the sacrum, spina bifida and its appearance form were identified. In the research of the ancient population, 49 skeletal remains belonging to women and 52 skeletal remains of men were included. The sacrum was preserved in 29 cases and seven cases of spina bifida occulta were identified. In the medieval period, 85 female and 162 male skeletal remains were included, the sacrum was preserved in 74 cases, and spina bifida occulta was identified in five. Out of 1047 samples of the modern population, spina bifida occulta is present in 171 samples. It was observed that there is no significant difference in the frequency and distribution of spina bifida occulta by gender. Conclusion: The research showed that there are no recorded statistically significant differences, and there is no significant statistical difference in relation to gender among spina bifida cases.