Aim: To examine sexual dimorphism and develop statistical models for estimation of sex in the Croatian population using fingerprint ridge density. Methods: The study involved 40 men and 40 women from Croatian population, for whom we collected all prints of their left and right hands and data on sex. Using a computer tool, we determined ridge density for three areas on each finger. We analysed the sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry of densities and created the models for sex estimation using probability density and discriminant analysis. Results: Analysis of fingerprint measurements in this study showed that, in both sexes, the highest fingerprint ridge density was present in the radial region, then in the ulnar, while in the proximal it was the lowest. In general, in the Croatian population, women had a higher fingerprint ridge density in all areas of the fingerprints where sexual dimorphism was expressed. Even though sexual dimorphism has been observed in measures from all areas, only in the radial area there were statistically significant differences between women and men. By estimating sex based on probability density, a reliable sex estimation was possible only for specific densities which there was no pronounced overlap (> 80%). Estimation of sex by discriminant analysis yielded low accuracy of sex estimating which was highest in the radial area (65%). Conclusion: This study confirmed the presence of sexual dimorphism among the measures of the fingerprint ridge density of the fingerprints of the left and right hands. The research showed that the estimation of sex in the Croatian population is unfavorable by discriminant analysis and that it is better to focus research on the estimation of sex analysis based on the density of probability. The fingerprint ridge density as an indicator of sex in the Croatian population requires additional research that would include some other variables, such as age, weight, height, intrapopulation variations, and regional differences.