| Sažetak | Cilj: Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi neka socio-demografska i viktimološka obilježja te neke viktimološke rizike kod žrtava kaznenih dijela obiteljskog nasilja u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji retrospektivnom analizom podataka koji su dostupni u Informacijskom sustavu Ministarstva unutarnjih poslova Republike Hrvatske, a počinjeni su tijekom 2022. godine.
Metode: Podaci su prikupljani retrospektivno uvidom u Informacijski sustav Ministarstva unutarnjih poslova Republike Hrvatske. Unaprijed pripremljenim strukturiranim upitnikom ispitivana su obilježja žrtava kaznenog djela nasilja u obitelji (članak 179.a). Strukturirani upitnik sastojao se od 45 pitanja koji je obuhvaćao socio-demografska, viktimološka i kriminološka obilježja žrtava nasilja u obitelji, kao i obilježja samog djela.
Rezultati: Većina slučajeva nasilja u obitelji (84,45 %) događa se u privatnom prostoru, najčešće u stanu ili obiteljskoj kući žrtve, za čim slijedi vanjskog prostora/ulica (5,19 %) te stan trećih osoba (4,07 %). Žene čine većinu žrtava (84,29 %), a često su u braku (65,18 %) ili izvanbračnoj zajednici (11,85 %). Većina žrtava (76,67 %) sama prijavljuje nasilje nakon dugotrajnog izlaganja zlostavljanju, nakon čega to čine treće osobe (12,22 %) te nadležne institucije (9,63 %). Žrtva je najčešće izložena kombinaciji psihičkog i fizičkog nasilja (59,63 %), nakon kojeg slijedi pojedinačno psihičko nasilje (30,37 %) te kombinacija psihičkog fizičkog i ekonomskog nasilja (5,56 %). Počinitelji nasilja su najčešće bračni partner (30,37 %), dijete (27,04 %) i izvanbračni partner (11,48 %). Žrtve najčešće imaju završenu srednju školu (63,70 %), dok su visoka stručna sprema i završena osnovna škola podjednako zastupljene (11,48 % vs 13,33 %).
Zaključak: Nasilje u obitelji se uobičajeno događa u privatnom prostoru, a žrtve su obično žene s djecom, srednje životne dobi, koje su u braku i žive s počiniteljima nasilja, izložene kombinaciji fizičkog i psihičkog zlostavljanja kroz duže razdoblje, te obično same prijavljuju nasilje. Ostale oštećene osobe su često maloljetna djeca, a unatoč podizanju optužnice, postupci često završavaju obustavom, pri čemu je ključni faktor blagodat nesvjedočenja. Postoji potreba za sustavnim pristupom ovom složenom društvenom problemu kroz provedbu daljnjih 53 istraživanja iz ovog područja, preventivne aktivnosti usmjerene na podizanje svijesti o nasilju u obitelji, te razvoj i implementaciju specifičnih programa za žrtve nasilja u obitelji. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Aim: The aim of the study is to determine certain socio-demographic and victimological characteristics, as well as some victimological risks among victims of criminal acts of domestic violence in the Split-Dalmatia County through a retrospective analysis of data available in the Information System of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia, committed during the year 2022.
Methods: Data were collected retrospectively by examining the Information System of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia. A pre-prepared structured questionnaire was used to examine the characteristics of victims of criminal acts of domestic violence (Article 179.a). The structured questionnaire consisted of 45 questions covering socio-demographic, victimological, and criminological characteristics of victims of domestic violence, as well as characteristics of the acts themselves.
Results: The majority of domestic violence cases (84.45 %) occur in private spaces, most commonly in the victim's apartment or family house, followed by outdoor spaces/streets (5.19 %) and the residences of third parties (4.07 %). Women constitute the majority of victims (84.29 %), often being married (65.18 %) or in a common-law relationship (11.85 %). Most victims (76.67 %) report the violence themselves after prolonged exposure to abuse, followed by third parties (12.22 %) and relevant institutions (9.63 %). Victims are most frequently subjected to a combination of psychological and physical violence (59.63%), followed by solely psychological violence (30.37 %) and a combination of psychological, physical, and economic violence (5.56 %). The perpetrators of violence are most often the marital partner (30.37 %), a child (27.04 %), and a common-law partner (11.48 %). Victims most commonly have completed secondary education (63.70 %), while higher education and completed primary education are equally represented (11.48 % vs. 13.33 %).
Conclusion: Domestic violence commonly occurs within the confines of private spaces, with victims typically being women of middle age who have children, are married, and cohabit with their abusers. They endure a prolonged period of both physical and psychological abuse and 55 often take the brave step of reporting the violence themselves. Other affected individuals are often underage children. Despite charges being filed, proceedings frequently culminate in dismissal, with the pivotal factor being the reluctance to testify. There is a pressing need for a systematic approach to this intricate societal issue, involving further research endeavors, awareness-raising preventive activities concerning domestic violence, and the development and implementation of tailored programs for its victims. |
