| Abstract | CILJ: Cilj rada je utvrditi i opisati neka obilježja (sociodemografska, kriminološka i medicinska) počinitelja kaznenih djela s bitno smanjenom ubrojivosti kojima je izrečena kazna zatvora uz obvezno psihijatrijsko liječenje u Zatvorskoj bolnici.
METODE: Podaci su prikupljeni strukturiranim upitnikom kroz retrospektivnu analizu 242 Osobnika i zdravstvena kartona zatvorenika i to u razdoblju od 1.1.2015. do 31.12.2020. godine. Strukturirani upitnik je obuhvaćao: a) sociodemografska obilježja (dob, spol, obrazovanje, bračni i roditeljski status, radni status i staž), b) kriminološka obilježja (ranija i sadašnja kažnjavanost i osuđivanost, vrste kaznenih djela, vrsta i visina kazni, odnos počinitelja prema kaznenom djelu i kazni, recidivizam, oštećenici kaznenih djela, stegovni postupci) i c) medicinska obilježja (ranija psihijatrijska ambulantna i bolnička liječenja, ranije i sadašnje psihijatrijske dijagnoze, samoozljeđivanja i pokušaji samoubojstva, psihofarmakološka terapija, upotreba alkohola i psihoaktivnih tvari te ostale bihevioralne ovisnosti). U obradi podataka korištene su metode deskriptivne statistike.
REZULTATI: Prijašnja kažnjavanost i osuđivanost i ranije dugogodišnje psihijatrijsko liječenje visoko je bilo zastupljeno. Prevladavao je nasilnički kriminalitet, najčešće prema bliskim osobama. Oko 30 % ih je imalo i ranije izrečene sigurnosne mjere. 95 % je bilo muškaraca, prosječne životne dobi 43 godine, nižeg obrazovanja (38,8 % osnovnoškolsko obrazovanje, 57 % srednjoškolsko obrazovanje, 4,1 % više i visoko obrazovanje), 62,8 % je bilo nezaposlenih, samaca 46,7 % i 17,4 % rastavljenih. Trećina zatvorenika ranije je imala pokušaj samoubojstva i četvrtina se ranije samoozljeđivala. Psihijatrijski poremećaji bili su zastupljeni u visokom postotku sami ili u komorbiditetu s drugim poremećajima i to: poremećaj ličnosti u 59,1 %, ovisnost o alkoholu u 40,5 %, poremećaji uzrokovani uporabom psihoaktivnih tvari u 34,7 %, organski uvjetovani poremećaji u 24,8 %, psihotični poremećaji u 23,6 %, poremećaji uzrokovani stresom u 19 % te ostali psihijatrijski poremećaji u 21 %. Zbog težine psihopatologije preko 90 % njih bilo je u psihofarmakološkom tretmanu antipsihoticima, anksioliticima, hipnoticima, antidepresivima, stabilizatorima raspoloženja i antiepilepticima.
ZAKLJUČAK: U sprečavanju recidivizma ove populacije bitno je reducirati negativna kriminološka obilježja kontinuiranim psihijatrijskim liječenjem nakon otpusta iz Zatvorske bolnice, uz provođenje drugih rehabilitacijskih i resocijalizacijskih postupaka. Zbog negativnih sociodemografskih pokazatelja potrebno je uključiti i odgovarajuće službe (probacijske službe, socijalne službe i druge). |
| Abstract (english) | OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to identify and describe some characteristics (sociodemographic, criminological and medical) of perpetrators of criminal offenses with diminished accountability who were sentenced to imprisonment with mandatory psychiatric treatment in the Prison Hospital.
METHODS: Data were collected by a structured questionnaire through a retrospective analysis of 242 prisoner 's map and prisoners' health records in the period 01/01/2015/ till 31/12/2020. The structured questionnaire included: a) sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, education, marital and parental status, employment status and length of service), b) criminological characteristics (previous and current punishments and convictions, types of criminal acts, type and amount of penalties, perpetrator relationship by criminal offense and punishment, recidivism, victims of criminal offenses, disciplinary proceedings) and c) medical characteristics (previous psychiatric outpatient and inpatient treatments, previous and current psychiatric diagnoses, self-harm and suicide attempts, psychopharmacological therapy, use of alcohol and psychoactive substances and other behavioral addictions). Descriptive statistics methods were used in data processing.
RESULTS: Previous punishments and convictions and earlier long-term psychiatric treatment were highly prevalent. Violent crime prevailed, most towards close people. About 30 % of them had previously imposed security measures. 95 % were men, average age 43 years, lower education (38.8 % primary education, 57 % secondary education, 4.1 % higher and higher education), 62.8 % were unemployed, single 46.7 % and 17.4 % divorced. A third of inmates had previously attempted suicide and a quarter of them had previously self-harmed. Psychiatric disorders were represented in a high percentage alone or in comorbidity with other disorders, namely: personality disorder in 59.1 %, alcohol dependence in 40.5 %, disorders caused by the use of psychoactive substances in 34.7 %, organically conditioned disorders in 24.8 %, psychotic disorders in 23.6 %, stress disorders in 19 % and other psychiatric disorders in 21 %. Due to the severity of psychopathology, over 90 % of them were in psychopharmacological treatment with antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers and antiepileptics.
CONCLUSION: In preventing the recidivism of this population, it is important to reduce the negative criminological characteristics of continuous psychiatric treatment after leaving from the Prison Hospital, along with the implementation of other rehabilitation and resocialization procedures. Due to negative sociodemographic indicators, it is necessary to include appropriate services (probation services, social services and others). |
