Introduction: During development, teeth undergo various stages that influence their final shape and dimensions. Due to their characteristics, they are often well preserved as postmortem remains, and as such, they hold significant forensic importance, including the assessment of gender based on dental measurements. Research objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the presence of sexual dimorphism in the maxillary central incisors and canines of humans. Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients with preserved biological teeth suitable for digital measurement were selected from the database of MSCT head scans. After splitting the patients into a group of women (n = 20) and men (n = 20), their lengths and widths of the crowns, roots, and the total length and width of the right maxillary medial incisors and canines were measured by software. The data was statistically analyzed and discriminant functions were created to enable gender estimation. Results: The results of statistical processing confirmed the presence of sexual dimorphism (P < 0.001) between all measures: incisor length, incisor root length, incisor crown length, incisor crown width, canine length, canine root length, canine crown length and canine crown width. The accuracy of gender estimation ranged from 65 % (poorest individual measure) to 75 % (best individual measure), while the discriminant functions with three and six measures demonstrated gender estimation accuracy of 79 % and 78 %, respectively. Conclusions: Sexual dimorphism of the maxillary central incisors and canines is evident, highlighting the significance of dental measurements for gender estimation in the Croatian population.